Linguisteria e Programmettas

Convert a Pinyin syllable to Lwoma'z

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Intro

Lwoma'z is a romanization system that I designed for Mandarin and Cantonese. It is a single system that handles both languages, unifying the spelling of sounds that are sufficiently similar while keeping distinct spellings for those that are different.

I was motivated by the perceived counterintuitiveness of some Pinyin spellings (such as the uses of "q" for t͡ɕʰ) and rules (such as having separate spellings for the finals depending on whether they are preceded by an initial, like in the case of "wen" and "chun"). On the other hand, I like Pinyin's use of diacritics to denote the tone contours, which I have decided to use for romanizing Cantonese (the Yale romanization system for Cantonese also uses diacritics, but uses an "h" for the lower-pitched tones). The idea of unifying Mandarin and Cantonese in one romanization system comes from the fact that they are written in the same script (i.e. Chinese, barring differences between Simplified and Traditional Chinese).

Initials

The following table lists the initials in Lwoma'z. Like many existing romanization systems, the distinction between aspirated and unaspirated consonants is marked by using voiced and voiceless letters.

Footnotes

1. In Cantonese, /t͡ʃ/ is an allophone of /t͡s/ that occurs before /œ/, and sometimes /i/ and /y/. Thus, syllables that start with "tsoe-" can be optionally spelled as "choe-" (such as"choet"), and "zoe-" would be "joe-" (such as "joeng").
2. In Mandarin, /ɕ/ is an allophone of /ʂ/ that occurs before /i/, /j/, /y/, and /ɥ/ (similarly for /t͡ɕ), so the spellings for "zh", "ch" and "sh" are also used for "j", "q", and "x" in Pinyin.
3. When the final is /i/ or /y/ ("eu"), this initial can be optionally dropped, so "yi" would become "i", and "yeu" would become "eu".

Finals

The following table lists the finals for Lwoma'z in alphabetical order. Unlike in Pinyin, the finals' spellings stay the same regardless of whether an initial consonant is present. Thus, "chun" in Pinyin would simply be spelled as "chwen".

Footnotes

1. In Mandarin, this occurs only in interjections.

Syllabic consonants

Both Mandarin and Cantonese have sustained consonants that are used as the nucleus of a syllable in place of a vowel. In Mandarin, they end with either "r" or "z", depending on the place of articulation. In Cantonese, which has nasal consonants, they use "m" or "ng", like in Jyutping.

Footnotes

1. For Mandarin, this occurs only in interjections.

Tones

Like Pinyin, Lwoma'z uses diacritics to indicate the tone. Like those in Pinyin, the diacritic mimics the contour of the pitch change. In Cantonese, since multiple tones have the same contour (e.g. tone 2 and tone 5 are both rising), the diacritic is placed below the letter for the low-pitched tones. This avoids the need to memorize the order of tones as indicated by numbers, as in Jyutping (and also eliminates the need for mnemonics for memorizing the order). The table is sorted by pitch, from high to low.

The diacritic is always placed on the first vowel letter of the final, and in the case of syllabic consonants, on the "h" (e.g. "jh̄" for "zhī" and "sēai" for "sai1").

Here are the tones in their canonical order in each language:

Differences with the Yale romanization for Mandarin

Lwoma'z is almost identical to the Yale romanization for Mandarin, but with the following differences:

• Lwoma'z uses "z" instead of "dz" for /ts/.
• Lwoma'z uses "sh" instead of "sy" for /ɕ/.
• Lwoma'z uses "yu" instead of "yw" for /ɥ/ (which occurs in "yue").
• Lwoma'z uses "eu" instead of "yu" for /y/.

Example text

The following is an example of Lwoma'z/Loamazi in context. The poem is the same as the one used on Wikipedia.